Gambling is any activity in which something of value is staked on an event whose outcome is dependent on chance. While most adults and adolescents who start gambling do not experience problems, a significant subset goes on to develop pathological gambling, described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) as a persistent, recurrent pattern of gambling that is associated with substantial distress or impairment.
In addition to its high rates of addictive potential, gambling is also linked to social and psychological problems such as anxiety, depression and suicidal thoughts. In fact, suicide is the leading cause of death among people with gambling disorders.
Unlike other forms of recreation, gambling requires three elements – consideration, risk and a prize. Consideration refers to the amount of money that is staked; risk is the possibility that a player will lose that money; and the prize is the opportunity to win something else of value. Some forms of gambling are pure chance, while others involve skill. Gambling behavior can be influenced by multiple factors, including sensation-and novelty-seeking, arousal and negative emotionality. However, it is difficult to determine how much of a role each factor plays in onset and progression of gambling behaviors and the development of pathological gambling.
It is important to remember that it is the person’s reaction to the gambling behavior that constitutes a problem, not the amount of money lost or won. Often, when a person experiences a problem with gambling it is because their life is becoming disrupted and their relationships are being affected as a result of harmful gambling habits. It is important to recognize that a problem exists before it becomes too late and to seek professional help when needed.
Although it is impossible to prevent all instances of problematic gambling, there are a number of things that can be done to reduce the likelihood of developing a problem:
Keep in mind that a casino or other gaming establishments are designed with stimulating features such as flashing lights and ringing bells that provide reinforcing stimuli for gamblers. The noise and environment may increase the pleasure derived from gambling, but it can also increase the chances of losing control and spending more than you intended to.
Avoid casinos or other gaming establishments if possible, and try to limit the time you spend gambling online. Instead, spend your time and money on entertainment that is more fulfilling and enjoyable. Strengthen your support network by reaching out to friends and family, joining a sports team or book club, enrolling in an educational class, or volunteering for a worthy cause. If you cannot find support in your immediate circle, look for peer support groups such as Gamblers Anonymous, a 12-step recovery program modeled after Alcoholics Anonymous. You can also find support and encouragement from a sponsor, a former gambler with experience remaining free from addiction.
